Nanoscience integrates engineering, science, and technology to analyze matter and processes at the nanoscale. By performing at the atomic level, scientists can improve the physical, chemical, biological, and optical properties of matter. The unique properties of nanomaterials are attributed to quantum effects, large area, and self-assembly. It aims to enhance emerging nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has an immediate impact on all aspects of engineering as new products are discovered and marketed. Some of the areas covered will be the most effective nanomaterials, and the impact of nanotechnology on energy systems, including nanobiotechnology, nanomedicine, and nanotechnology suitable for space systems. Some important developments in thermal systems, as well as future forecasts for nanotechnology, may provide the latest applications.